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Asayansi apanga pulasitiki yofanana ndi chitsulo - yolimba koma osati yolemetsa.Mapulasitiki, omwe akatswiri a zamankhwala nthawi zina amawatcha ma polima, ndi gulu la mamolekyu aatali opangidwa ndi mayunitsi obwerezabwereza otchedwa monomers.Mosiyana ndi ma polima am'mbuyomu a mphamvu zomwezo, zinthu zatsopano zokha imabwera mu mawonekedwe a nembanemba. Imakhalanso ndi nthawi 50 yowonjezera mpweya kuposa pulasitiki yosasunthika pamsika. Chinthu china chodziwika bwino cha polima iyi ndi kuphweka kwake kwa kaphatikizidwe. polima amatha kupangidwa mochuluka m'mapepala akuluakulu omwe ali ndi nanometers okha.
Zomwe zikufunsidwazo zimatchedwa polyamide, network networked amide molecular units (amides ndi magulu a nitrogen chemicals omwe amamangiriridwa ku maatomu a carbon opangidwa ndi okosijeni). Ma polima oterowo akuphatikizapo Kevlar, ulusi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma vests oteteza zipolopolo, ndi Nomex, fire- Monga Kevlar, mamolekyu a polyamide muzinthu zatsopano amalumikizidwa wina ndi mzake ndi ma hydrogen bond pautali wonse wa maunyolo awo, zomwe zimapangitsa mphamvu zonse zakuthupi.
"Iwo amamatira pamodzi ngati Velcro," anatero mlembi wamkulu Michael Strano, MIT mankhwala injiniya. Kung'ambitsa zipangizo amafuna osati kuswa munthu maselo unyolo, komanso kugonjetsa chimphona intermolecular hydrogen zomangira kuti amadutsa lonse polima mtolo.
Kuonjezera apo, ma polima atsopano amatha kupanga flakes.Izi zimapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zikhale zosavuta kuzikonza, chifukwa zimatha kupangidwa kukhala mafilimu owonda kwambiri kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati filimu yopyapyala. kugwirizana mu miyeso itatu, mosasamala kanthu za orientation.Koma ma polima a Strano amakula mwapadera mu 2D kupanga nanosheets.
“Kodi mungathe kusonkhanitsa papepala?Nthawi zambiri, simungachite mpaka ntchito yathu, "anatero Strano." Chifukwa chake, tapeza njira yatsopano.Mu ntchito yaposachedwa iyi, gulu lake lidagonjetsa chopinga kuti gulu la mbali ziwiri litheke.
Chifukwa chake ma polyamides ali ndi dongosolo lolinganiza ndikuti kaphatikizidwe ka polima kumaphatikizapo njira yotchedwa autocatalytic templating: monga polima amatalikitsa ndikumamatira ku midadada yomangira nyumba imodzi, maukonde a polima omwe akukula amapangitsa ma monomers otsatirawa kuti aziphatikizana m'njira yoyenera kulimbikitsa mgwirizano. two.dimensional structure.The ofufuza anasonyeza kuti akanakhoza kuvala polima mu njira yothetsera pa zopyapyala laminates inchi lonse laminate zosakwana 4 nanometers wandiweyani.Ndiwo pafupifupi miliyoni imodzi makulidwe a wokhazikika ofesi pepala.
Kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa makina a zinthu za polima, ofufuzawo anayeza mphamvu yofunikira kubowola mu pepala loyimitsidwa ndi singano yabwino. zimatengera mphamvu kuwirikiza kawiri kuti atulutse polyamide yolimba kwambiri iyi ngati chitsulo cha makulidwe omwewo.Malinga ndi Strano, chinthuchi chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zokutira zoteteza pazitsulo, monga zophimba zamagalimoto, kapena ngati sefa yoyeretsa madzi. Pomalizira pake, nembanemba yoyenera ya fyuluta iyenera kukhala yopyapyala koma yolimba mokwanira kuti ipirire kupsinjika kwakukulu popanda kutulutsa zowononga zazing'ono, zosokoneza m'chiphaso chathu chomaliza - choyenera kwambiri pa polyamide iyi.
M'tsogolomu, Strano akuyembekeza kukulitsa njira yopangira ma polima ku ma polima osiyanasiyana kupitilira analogi ya Kevlar." Ma polima ali ponseponse, "adatero."Tangoganizani kutembenuza ma polima amitundu yosiyanasiyana, ngakhale akunja omwe amatha kuyendetsa magetsi kapena kuwala, kukhala makanema opyapyala omwe amatha kuphimba malo osiyanasiyana, akuwonjezera. Stano anatero.
M'dziko lozunguliridwa ndi mapulasitiki, anthu ali ndi chifukwa chokhalira okondwa ndi polima wina watsopano yemwe makina ake sali wamba, adatero Strano. ndi zipangizo zochepa komanso zamphamvu.Strano adawonjezeranso kuti kuchokera kuzinthu zokhazikika, polima iyi ya 2D yamphamvu kwambiri ndi sitepe yoyenera kumasula dziko ku pulasitiki.
Shi En Kim (momwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Kim) ndi mlembi wodziyimira pawokha wobadwira ku Malaysia komanso wolemba mkonzi wa Popular Science Spring 2022. mu mlengalenga.
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