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Asayansi apanga pulasitiki yofanana ndi chitsulo - yolimba koma osati yolemetsa.Mapulasitiki, omwe akatswiri a zamankhwala nthawi zina amawatcha ma polima, ndi gulu la mamolekyu aatali opangidwa ndi mayunitsi obwerezabwereza otchedwa monomers.Mosiyana ndi ma polima am'mbuyomu a mphamvu zomwezo, zinthu zatsopano zokha Imabwera mu mawonekedwe a nembanemba. Ilinso ndi mpweya wochuluka kuwirikiza ka 50 kuposa pulasitiki yosasunthika pamsika. Mbali ina yodziwika bwino ya polima iyi ndi kuphweka kwake. ya kaphatikizidwe.Njirayi, yomwe imachitika kutentha kwa chipinda, imafuna zipangizo zotsika mtengo, ndipo polima akhoza kupangidwa mochuluka m'mapepala akuluakulu omwe ali ndi nanometers okha.
Zomwe zikufunsidwazo zimatchedwa polyamide, network networked amide molecular units (amides ndi magulu a nitrogen chemicals omwe amamangiriridwa ku maatomu a carbon opangidwa ndi okosijeni). Ma polima oterowo akuphatikizapo Kevlar, ulusi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zovala zoteteza zipolopolo, ndi Nomex, chozimitsa moto- Monga Kevlar, mamolekyu a polyamide muzinthu zatsopano amalumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake ndi zomangira za haidrojeni pautali wonse wa maunyolo awo, zomwe zimawonjezera. mphamvu yonse ya zinthu.
"Iwo amamatira pamodzi ngati Velcro," anatero mlembi wamkulu Michael Strano, MIT mankhwala injiniya. Kung'ambitsa zipangizo amafuna osati kuswa munthu maselo unyolo, komanso kugonjetsa chimphona intermolecular hydrogen zomangira kuti amadutsa lonse polima mtolo.
Kuonjezera apo, ma polima atsopano amatha kupanga flakes.Izi zimapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zikhale zosavuta kuzikonza, chifukwa zimatha kupangidwa kukhala mafilimu owonda kwambiri kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati filimu yopyapyala. kugwirizana mu miyeso itatu, mosasamala kanthu za orientation.Koma ma polima a Strano amakula mwapadera mu 2D kupanga nanosheets.
“Kodi mungathe kusonkhanitsa papepala? Nthawi zambiri, simungachite mpaka ntchito yathu, "anatero Strano." Chifukwa chake, tapeza njira yatsopano. Mu ntchito yaposachedwa iyi, gulu lake lidagonjetsa chopinga kuti gulu la mbali ziwiri litheke.
Chifukwa chake ma polyamides ali ndi dongosolo lokonzekera ndikuti kaphatikizidwe ka polima kumaphatikizapo njira yotchedwa autocatalytic templating: monga polima amatalikitsa ndikumamatira ku midadada yomangira, kukula kwa maukonde a polima kumapangitsa kuti ma monomers otsatirawa aziphatikizana m'njira yoyenera kulimbikitsa mgwirizano. Ofufuzawo adawonetsa kuti amatha kuvala ma polima mosavuta pamitanda yopyapyala kuti apange ma laminates ochepera mainchesi. kukhuthala kwa nanometers 4. Izi ndi pafupifupi miliyoni imodzi kukula kwa pepala lokhazikika laofesi.
Kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa makina a zinthu za polima, ofufuzawo anayeza mphamvu yofunikira kubowola mu pepala loyimitsidwa ndi singano yabwino. pamafunika mphamvu kuwirikiza kawiri kuti mutulutse polyamide yolimba kwambiri ngati chitsulo cha makulidwe omwewo.Malinga ndi Strano, chinthuchi chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zokutira zoteteza. Pazitsulo zachitsulo, monga zopangira magalimoto, kapena ngati fyuluta yoyeretsa madzi. Pantchito yomaliza, nembanemba yoyenera ya fyuluta iyenera kukhala yopyapyala koma yolimba kuti ipirire kupanikizika kwakukulu popanda kutulutsa zowononga zazing'ono, zosokoneza muzopereka zathu zomaliza - zangwiro. zoyenera za polyamide iyi.
M'tsogolomu, Strano akuyembekeza kukulitsa njira yopangira ma polima ku ma polima osiyanasiyana kupitilira analogi ya Kevlar." Ma polima ali ponseponse, "adatero." Tangoganizani kutembenuza ma polima amitundu yosiyanasiyana, ngakhale akunja omwe amatha kuyendetsa magetsi kapena kuwala, kukhala makanema opyapyala omwe amatha kuphimba malo osiyanasiyana, akuwonjezera. Stano anatero.
M'dziko lozunguliridwa ndi mapulasitiki, anthu ali ndi chifukwa chokhalira okondwa ndi polima wina watsopano yemwe makina ake sali wamba, adatero Strano. ndi zipangizo zochepa komanso zamphamvu.Strano adawonjezeranso kuti kuchokera kuzinthu zokhazikika, polima iyi ya 2D yamphamvu kwambiri ndi sitepe yoyenera kumasula dziko ku pulasitiki.
Shi En Kim (momwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Kim) ndi mlembi wodziyimira pawokha wobadwira ku Malaysia komanso wolemba mkonzi wa Popular Science Spring 2022. mu mlengalenga.
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